Mandala
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maṇḍala (मण्डल)
is a Sanskrit
word meaning "circle." In the Buddhist
and Hindu
religious traditions their sacred
art often takes a mandala form. The basic form
of most Hindu and Buddhist mandalas is a square with four gates
containing a circle with a center
point. Each gate is in the shape of a T.[1][2]
Mandalas often exhibit radial balance.[3]
These mandalas, concentric diagrams, have spiritual
and ritual
significance in both Buddhism
and Hinduism.[4][5]
The term is of Hindu
origin and appears in the Rig
Veda as the name of the sections of the work,
but is also used in other Indian
religions, particularly Buddhism.
In the Tibetan
branch of Vajrayana
Buddhism, mandalas have been developed into sandpainting.
They are also a key part of anuttarayoga
tantra meditation practices.
In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be
employed for focusing attention of aspirants and adepts, as a
spiritual teaching tool, for establishing a sacred
space, and as an aid to meditation
and trance
induction. According to the psychologist David
Fontana, its symbolic nature can help one "to
access progressively deeper levels of the unconscious, ultimately
assisting the meditator to experience a mystical sense of oneness
with the ultimate unity from which the cosmos in all its manifold
forms arises."[6]
The psychoanalyst
Carl Jung
saw the mandala as "a representation of the unconscious
self,"[citation
needed] and believed his paintings
of mandalas enabled him to identify emotional disorders and work
towards wholeness
in personality.[7]
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